Macromidiidae

Wing venation : Forewing midbasal space usually without crossveins and generally with two cubito-anal crossveins. The arculus sectors are fused for less than half the length of the arculus. Supertriangles are crossed, triangles are free, and the hindwing triangle lies distinctly distal to the arculus. The anal loop is compact and lacks a distinct midrib, while the forewing discoidal field widens toward the wing margin. Adult morphology : Adults are slender, dark-bodied dragonflies, often with metallic or yellow markings. The eyes meet dorsally, the protibia is keeled, and male auricles are present. Male anal appendages are elongate and structurally specialized. Male secondary genitalia : The genital lobe is well developed, whereas the anterior hamule is reduced. The posterior hamule has distinct ventromedial and dorsolateral branches, whose shape provides useful diagnostic characters. Female morphology : The gonapophyses are short or reduced, and the vulvar lamina is weakly developed and does not project strongly ventrally. Females are generally less structurally specialized than males. Vesica spermalis : The vesica spermalis is structurally variable among species, particularly in the form of the distal projections, median process, and terminal lobes. These structures provide important characters for distinguishing species groups within Macromidia. Larva : Larvae have prominent and relatively uniform labial-palpal teeth, small slightly protruding eyes, and a cleft in the premental hinge. Lateral abdominal spines are present but relatively short. They are associated with clear forest streams and commonly shelter beneath stones in flowing water.